In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law and the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law and promote the standardization,standardization and professionalization of the research on source apportionment of ambient air particulate matter,the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has organized and formulated the National Environmental Protection Standard of the Technical Specification for Sampling Dust Particulate Matter from Open Sources(Trial Implementation).At present,the standard compilation unit has completed the draft of the standard for consultation.

 

　　揚(yáng)塵源是當(dāng)前我國城市環(huán)境空氣顆粒物的重要來源之一，可分為土壤揚(yáng)塵、道路揚(yáng)塵、施工揚(yáng)塵、堆場揚(yáng)塵和二次揚(yáng)塵等?？茖W(xué)、規(guī)范地開展揚(yáng)塵樣品采集，構(gòu)建揚(yáng)塵源的成分譜，直接關(guān)系到環(huán)境空氣顆粒物來源解析結(jié)果的精準(zhǔn)性以及不同城市之間的可比性。由于缺乏揚(yáng)塵采樣相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各地的揚(yáng)塵采樣方法不統(tǒng)一，影響源解析監(jiān)測結(jié)果的科學(xué)性和可比性。因此有必要開展相關(guān)研究，建立揚(yáng)塵采樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法，供各地在源解析工作中參考使用。

 

　　Nowadays,dust source is one of the important sources of air particulate matter in urban environment in China.It can be divided into soil dust,road dust,construction dust,stack dust and secondary dust.To collect dust samples scientifically and normatively and to construct the composition spectrum of dust sources is directly related to the accuracy of the source apportionment results of ambient air particulate matter and the comparability between different cities.Due to the lack of relevant standards for dust sampling,the sampling methods are not uniform,which affects the scientificity and comparability of source analysis monitoring results.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out relevant research and establish a standard method of dust sampling for reference in source analysis.

 

　　我國目前已發(fā)布源解析技術(shù)路線、源解析技術(shù)指南、源解析監(jiān)測技術(shù)指南以及一系列相關(guān)的顆粒物組分監(jiān)測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，已初步建立了顆粒物源解析技術(shù)體系。然而我國源解析技術(shù)體系還缺少污染源(固定源、移動(dòng)源和開放源)采樣相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。

 

　　At present,China has published the technical route of source apportionment,the technical guide of source apportionment,the technical guide of source apportionment monitoring and a series of related monitoring standards for particulate matter components,and has initially established the technical system of source apportionment of particulate matter.However,the technical system of source analysis in China still lacks relevant standards and specifications for sampling of pollution sources(fixed source,mobile source and open source).

 

　　本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了開放源揚(yáng)塵顆粒物的采樣布點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)場采樣方法、采樣設(shè)備的技術(shù)指標(biāo)、采樣的質(zhì)量保證等技術(shù)要求，適用于環(huán)境空氣顆粒物來源解析工作中開放源揚(yáng)塵顆粒物的采樣。

 

　　This standard stipulates the technical requirements of sampling points,field sampling methods,technical specifications of sampling equipment and quality assurance of sampling for open source particulate matter.It is suitable for sampling open source particulate matter in source apportionment of ambient air particulate matter.

 

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編制組由中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測總站、南開大學(xué)、西安市環(huán)境監(jiān)測站、天津市生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心、福州市環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心站相關(guān)技術(shù)人員組成。

 

　　The Standard Compilation Group is composed of relevant technical personnel of China Environmental Monitoring Station,Nankai University,Xi'an Environmental Monitoring Station,Tianjin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center and Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station.

 

　　本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引用的文件主要有《HJ/T 166土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測技術(shù)規(guī)范》、《HJ/T 393防治城市揚(yáng)塵污染技術(shù)規(guī)范》、關(guān)于印發(fā)《環(huán)境空氣顆粒物來源解析監(jiān)測技術(shù)方法指南(試行)》的通知(環(huán)辦函[2014]1132號(hào))、關(guān)于發(fā)布《大氣顆粒物來源解析技術(shù)指南(試行)》的通知(環(huán)發(fā)[2013]92號(hào))、《空氣和廢氣監(jiān)測分析方法》(第四版增補(bǔ)版)。

 

　　The main documents cited in this standard are"Technical Specification for Soil Environmental Monitoring of HJ/T 166","Technical Specification for Prevention and Control of Urban Dust Pollution by HJ/T 393","Circular on Issuance of Technical Guidelines for Source Analysis and Monitoring of Environmental Air Particulates(Trial)"(UNEP Letter[2014]1132),and Circular on Issuance of Technical Guidelines for Source Analysis of Atmospheric Particulates(Trial).(Circular[2013]92)."Air and Exhaust Gas Monitoring and Analysis Method"(Fourth Edition Supplementary Edition).

 

　　其中，采樣人員根據(jù)地區(qū)土壤及氣象特點(diǎn)選取具有代表性的裸露地面作為采樣點(diǎn)。一般選擇距城市建成區(qū)10~20km的東、南、西、北4個(gè)方向的郊區(qū)。如城市主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向與上述4個(gè)方向不同，則在主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向的上風(fēng)向增加布設(shè)至少3個(gè)點(diǎn)位。每個(gè)方向布設(shè)至少3個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)，均勻布點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)位之間距離不小于500米。采樣點(diǎn)周圍(500米范圍內(nèi))無其他顯著人為污染源(如廠礦、村落、商業(yè)和居民聚集區(qū)、交通道路、建筑工地等)。

 

　　Among them,Samplers select representative bare ground as sampling points according to the soil and meteorological characteristics of the area.Generally,the suburbs in the east,south,West and north directions are selected 10-20 km away from the urban built-up area.If the urban dominant wind direction is different from the four directions mentioned above,at least three points will be added to the upper wind direction of the dominant wind direction.At least three sampling points are arranged in each direction,evenly distributed,and the distance between the points is not less than 500 meters.There are no other significant anthropogenic pollution sources(such as factories,mines,villages,commercial and residential areas,traffic roads,construction sites,etc.)around the sampling sites(within 500 meters).